In addition to protection requirements, public fallout shelters also had spatial requirements. Contrary to popular belief, two thirds of the public fallout shelters were aboveground, located in the core of buildings. About two-thirds of the buildings surveyed had PFs ranging from 40 to 250, with one third of the slots having PF 250 to 1000. As established by the OCD, a fallout shelter needed to maintain a minimum degree of adequate protection from fallout, equal to one-fortieth of the level of radiation present outside the shelter space (called a Protection Factor 40, or PF 40). The fallout shelter surveys launched in 1961 were performed by hundreds of architects and engineers trained in fallout shelter analysis, who utilized guidelines developed by the OCD detailing the degree of protection structures could provide against fallout radiation. A mass of material between you and the fallout, such as a heavily constructed building, can serve as protection.
It is more similar to snowfall or particles settling after a dust storm. Fallout is not like a gas that penetrates all areas. When a nuclear bomb is detonated, the debris from the explosion contains radioactive material that can be lethal if exposure to it is prolonged. Click the image to watch "About Fallout," a 1963 film by the Office of Civil Defense.ĭCD explained the problem of fallout this way to residents:
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